DIABETES

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INTRODUCTION

Diabetes is a chronic health issue characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) also called hyperglycemia

TYPES OF DIABETES

gestational diabetes

atypical diabetes

type1 diabetes

type2 diabetes

TYPE 1 DIABETES

Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. Without enough insulin, the body cannot effectively use glucose for energy, leading to high blood sugar levels.

TYPE 2 DIABETES

Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively. This can lead to a buildup of glucose in the blood and an inability to properly use glucose for energy. Type 2 diabetes is often caused by lifestyle factors such as being overweight or obese, a diet high in sugar and processed foods, and a lack of physical activity.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of diabetes can include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and wounds, and fatigue. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage, and blindness.

DIAGNOSIS

Glucose tolerance can be assessed using fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose challenge test also called OGTT( oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c test

MANAGEMENT

Diabetes can be managed through a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. This includes maintaining a healthy diet and exercise regimen, monitoring blood sugar levels, and taking insulin or oral medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider. People with diabetes should also regularly visit their healthcare provider for check-ups to monitor for potential complications.

PREVENTION

Preventing type 2 diabetes can be done by maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, getting regular physical activity, and not smoking. There are also some genetic and ethnic factors that may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, so it is important to be aware of one’s family history and work with a healthcare professional to understand and manage any potential risks.

It’s important to note that diabetes is a serious and growing health concern worldwide, with an estimated 425 million people living with diabetes globally. It is projected that by 2045, the number of people with diabetes will rise to 629 million.

SUMMARY

Overall, diabetes is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and attention. By working with a healthcare provider and making lifestyle changes, people with diabetes can manage their condition and reduce their risk of complications. With the right care and support, people with diabetes can lead healthy and fulfilling lives

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